Alphavirus vectors present an attractive approach for gene therapy applications\ndue to the rapid and simple recombinant virus particle production and their broad range of\nmammalian host cell transduction. Mainly three types of alphavirus vectors, namely naked\nRNA, recombinant particles and DNA/RNA layered vectors, have been subjected to\npreclinical studies with the goal of achieving prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy,\nparticularly in oncology. In this context, immunization with alphavirus vectors has provided\nprotection against challenges with tumor cells. Moreover, alphavirus intratumoral and\nsystemic delivery has demonstrated substantial tumor regression and significant prolonged\nsurvival rates in various animal tumor models. Recent discoveries of the strong association\nof RNA interference and disease have accelerated gene therapy based approaches, where\nalphavirus-based gene delivery can play an important role.
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